In cases of lactic acidosis, which organ is most affected?

Lactic acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of lactic acid in the body, typically due to inadequate oxygenation of tissues, leading to increased production of lactate. The liver plays a crucial role in the metabolism of lactic acid through a process known as gluconeogenesis, where lactate is converted back into glucose. In cases of lactic acidosis, the liver is significantly impacted because it is responsible for clearing the excess lactate and maintaining acid-base balance in the body. If the liver function is compromised, it cannot effectively manage the elevated lactate levels, worsening the acidosis and leading to potential complications.

The lungs, kidneys, and pancreas do have important functions related to overall body metabolism and homeostasis, but they are not primarily responsible for the direct metabolism of lactic acid. The lungs may help with acid-base balance through gas exchange, the kidneys regulate electrolytes and acid-base but are not the main organs involved in lactic acid metabolism, and the pancreas is primarily involved in digestion and blood sugar regulation. Thus, the liver's central role in processing lactic acid makes it the most affected organ in cases of lactic acidosis.